Influenza Clinical Trials

The primary aim is to define the immune responses to the infant's initial influenza exposure (vaccine or infection) and how that affects the immune response to subsequent influenza exposures Read Less

The purpose of this study is to evaluate the pre-treatment and single-dose post treatment susceptibility of baloxavir marboxil in participants aged 1 to <12 years with influenza. Read Less

Background: Respiratory viruses circulate throughout the year and around the globe. Wearable and sensor devices, like smartwatches, may be able to help monitor infectious diseases. Researchers want to use them to learn how respiratory viruses affect people in different ways. Objective: To use digital devices to collect data from participants in challenge studies that could indicate subtle changes in health during an infection that might otherwise go unnoticed. Eligibility: Healthy adults who have enrolled in a challenge study. Design: Participants will stay at NIH for at least 9 days and then they will have outpatient visits. While at NIH, participants will wear a smartwatch at all times. It will record data like temperature, heart rate, breathing rate, and movements. Participants will have 2 smartphones. One will be recording at all times to listen for coughing. Participants will use the other smartphone to check their vital signs. They will collect data like heart rate, temperature, and the level of oxygen in the blood every 4 hours during the daytime. Participants will perform tasks every 4 hours during the daytime. They will record themselves coughing, breathing in deeply, and reading aloud. They will take pictures and videos of their face. A bedside sensor will record participants while they sleep. It will record heart rate and breathing rate. It will also look at sleep activity, such as movements participants make during sleep and how deeply they sleep. Participants sharing the same room will be exposed to the same challenge virus. For outpatient visits, participants will use one smartphone and the smartwatch to complete the above tasks. Participation will last from 10 weeks to 1 year. Read Less

Background: Influenza (flu) virus causes 3 to 5 million cases of severe illness and up to 650,000 deaths per year worldwide. Current vaccines work well against single strains of flu virus. But no single vaccine works well against all flu viruses that can cause illness. Objective: To test an experimental flu vaccine (FluMos-v2) in healthy adults. Eligibility: Healthy adults aged 18 to 50 years. Design: Participants will have 11 clinic visits in 10 months. They must agree not to get a licensed flu vaccine while taking part in this study. FluMos-v2 will be given with a needle injected into a muscle in the upper arm. Participants will receive a follow-up phone call the following day. Participants will be given a diary card, a ruler, and a thermometer. They will take their temperature every day for 7 days after receiving the shot. They will measure any skin changes at the injection site. They will record their findings and how they feel. Participants will receive a second FluMos-v2 shot after 4 months. They will repeat the other follow-up steps. Participants will have 9 other clinic follow-up visits. Blood will be drawn at each visit. Participants should also come to the clinic if they develop flu-like symptoms during the study. Participants may opt for an apheresis 2 weeks after each shot: Blood will be removed through a needle in the vein of 1 arm. The blood will run through a machine that separates out the white blood cells. The remaining blood is returned through a needle in the other arm. Read Less

The purpose of this study is to comprehensively describe the temporal and geographic utilization of COVID-19 therapies used for mild to moderate disease during different periods of SARS-CoV-2 variant circulation as well as to compare demographic and clinical characteristics of Veterans who are treated or do not receive these different therapies. The investigators will also perform similar descriptive epidemiology for other respiratory viruses, including RSV and influenza and other infectious diseases. This first phase will critically inform feasibility and direction of the second phase, in which the investigators will use target trial emulation design to study the comparative effectiveness of therapies and vaccines for COVID-19, respiratory viruses, including RSV, and influenza, and other infectious diseases. Read Less

Background: The Laboratory of Infectious Diseases (LID) Clinical Studies Unit (CSU) enrolls healthy volunteers into clinical studies to study infectious diseases. Viruses can be highly infectious and contagious. They cause considerable illness in the United States each year and a good example of this is influenza (the flu). The LID CSU performs clinical studies to learn about these viral infections and assist in the development of vaccines and treatments for the infections. These clinical studies include influenza "challenge studies" as well as natural history studies and phase I trials involving vaccines for viruses carried by mosquitos such as Zika or Dengue virus. In influenza challenge studies studies, doctors expose a person to a flu virus. Then they study the flu through the body's natural healing process. This information will help to find better ways to prevent the flu and may also improve treatments for the flu. Natural history studies and phase I trials of new vaccines are performed so the researchers can learn how some viral infections occur and if new vaccines are safe and potentially effective in preventing the infections. In some of these studies, participants experience insect bites with special clean (non-infected) insects (such as mosquitos) to better understand the role of insects in these infections. Objectives: - To screen healthy volunteers for future CSU studies. Eligibility: - Healthy people between the ages of 18 and 65 Design: The 3- to 5-hour screening exam includes the following: Medical history and physical exam Standard blood tests including pregnancy, Hepatitis B and C, and HIV tests Standard urine drug testing Electrocardiogram (ECG) to test heart rhythm and function Chest x-ray Eligible volunteers are enrolled in the study for up to 1 year, until they take part in a CSU study or are found to be ineligible to participate. Volunteers may withdraw from the study pool at any time. Read Less

The primary objective of EMIT-2 is to use a randomized controlled trial (RCT) design to implement interventions which are known to reduce inhalation (airborne) transmission, so that the contribution of transmission by route of aerosols for influenza may be identified. Read Less

This study examines how the immune system responds to the flu virus (H3N2) during and after infection and how the flu virus is transmitted in the environment. The study will used a flu virus called the H3N2 influenza challenge virus which was produced specifically for use in clinical research in controlled conditions. The study will also assess the safety of the H3N2 influenza challenge in healthy subjects. Mild to moderate symptoms are expected based on previous studies with this strain of influenza. Read Less

Dime La VerDAD is an innovative social media capacity-building program that empowers promotores de salud to debunk vaccine misinformation through the use of personal narratives on social media. The core of the implementation strategy consists of augmenting training and self-efficacy for natural community champions, "promotores de salud" from the Hispanic community as trusted messengers to debunk vaccination misinformation. Our study will leverage existing community relationships in Chicago and a first of its kind misinformation curriculum to debunk misinformation in communities served by participating promotores de salud. Dime La VerDAD (Verify, Debunk, and Disseminate) is an innovative social media capacity-building program based on theoretical frameworks related to health communication that empowers promotores de salud to debunk vaccine misinformation through the use of personal narratives on social media. This mixed methods study will use a rigorous stepped wedge design to 1) deliver a scalable program of science communicators using an adapted curriculum grounded in infodemiology, 2) evaluate how debunking misinformation is perceived on social media, and 3) discern how use of personal narratives to enhance science communication can lead to changes in opinions and behavior (vaccination rates) about COVID and influenza vaccines among Chicago's predominantly Hispanic communities. Read Less

This study evaluates the association between gut microbiome and dietary determinants and vaccine response. This study aims to learn if diet and the microbes (such as bacteria and viruses) found in your gut affect the body's immune response to the influenza vaccine. Read Less

The goal of this observational study is to evaluate new non-invasive passive surveillance technologies, Level 42 AI imPulse™ Una and TOR devices for the detection of COVID-19, Flu, and/or RSV in asymptomatic and symptomatic individuals over age of 18 undergoing COVID-19, Flu, and/or RSV screening and testing at BAMC Ft Sam Houston, TX; with and without COVID-19, Flu, and/or RSV. The hypotheses are: (H1) The imPulseTM Una and the imPulseTM TOR e-stethoscopes have at least a similar discriminative and detection ability among symptomatic and asymptomatic COVID-19 carrier versus those not infected compared to gold standard RT-PCR. We will operationalize and deploy both the imPulseTM Una and imPulseTM TOR e-stethoscope into DoD use-cases and compare their usability between the devices. (H2) Identify if the imPulseTM Una and the imPulseTM TOR e-stethoscopes have at least a similar discriminative and detection ability among symptomatic and asymptomatic Respiratory Syncytial Virus (RSV), Influenza and Long COVID carriers versus those not infected compared to gold standard Rapid RSV and Flu Antigen Tests, or RT-PCR and molecular assays. We will operationalize and deploy both the imPulseTM Una and imPulseTM TOR e-stethoscope into DoD use-cases and compare their captured traces in the early identification of disease/illness analyzed by the devices built in algorithms. (H3) In the mid to long-term, this approach will also be explored as a diagnostic system to explore pursue the physical (structural and mechanical) properties of cells and tissues that maintain normal cell behavior (motility, growth, apoptosis), and the critical importance of the ability of cells to sense and respond to mechanical stresses, which will be operationally critical for assessment of both traumatic and unconventional exposures in austere environments. Participants will: Be consented; Be screened for COVID-19, Flu, and/or RSV symptoms according to BAMC's current screening procedures; Have study data collected; Complete a symptoms questionnaire; imPulseTM Una and TOR e-stethoscopes examination will be conducted; Participants will be compensated for completing all study requirements. (Active-Duty personnel must complete the study procedures while off-duty in order to receive compensation.) Read Less

The influenza virus is a significant cause of morbidity in adult solid organ transplant (SOT) recipients. However, these individuals show a suboptimal response to vaccines including the standard-dose (SD) inactivated influenza vaccine (IIV). Recent studies have investigated two strategies to overcome poor immune responses in SOT recipients: (1) administration of high-dose (HD)-IIV compared to SD-IIV and (2) two doses of SD-IIV compared to one dose of SD-IIV in the same influenza season. The first study compared HD-IIV vs. SD-IIV in adult SOT and noted HD-IIV was safe and reported higher immunogenicity; however, the median post-transplant period was 38 months. In another phase II trial of adult SOT recipients, two doses of SD-IIV a month apart compared to one-dose SD-IIV revealed increased immunogenicity, with a median post-transplantation period of 18 months. Therefore, these studies lack evaluation in the early post-transplantation period in this vulnerable population when influenza disease is most severe. The administration of two-doses of HD-IIV in the same influenza season has also not been studied in SOT recipients. Moreover, the vast majority of SOT influenza vaccinations studies have not substantively evaluated prolonged immunogenicity. Thus, the optimal immunization strategy for SOT recipients less than 12 months post-transplant is poorly-defined. In addition, the immunologic predictors and correlates of influenza vaccine immunogenicity in SOT recipients have not been defined. The investigators hypothesize that adult solid organ transplant recipients that are 1-11 months out from transplant and are receiving high-dose inactivated influenza vaccine will have higher hemagglutination inhibition (HAI) geometric mean titers to influenza A antigens compared to adult SOT recipients receiving standard-dose inactivated influenza vaccine. To test this hypothesis and address the above critical knowledge gaps, The investigators propose to conduct a phase II multicenter randomized controlled trial comparing either two doses HD-IIV, two doses of SD-IIV, or one-dose of HD-IIV in adult kidney, heart, and liver SOT recipients 1-11 months post-transplantation. The results of this study will address significant gaps in knowledge regarding influenza vaccine strategies and immune responses in adult SOT recipients and will guide vaccine recommendations in this vulnerable population. Read Less