Heart Disease Clinical Trials

Despite the overwhelming focus on genetic and genomic causes of human disease over the past two decades, it has been estimated that genetics is currently known to explain only 20% and 40% of the etiology of common disease. Thus, it is becoming increasingly apparent that human disease is a consequence of both genetic susceptibility and environmental exposures. Importantly, while individuals cannot change their genetic composition, we do have the ability both personally and as a society, to influence our environment, promoting health and decreasing the risk of disease. The Personalized Environment and Genes Study (PEGS) aims to determine how the environment and gene-environment interactions can inform our understanding of human health and disease. As science has evolved, so too has the science of this project. This evolution was reflected in a change in the title of this project from the Environmental Polymorphisms Registry (EPR) to the Personalized Environment and Genes Study (PEGS) to more accurately reflect the science that can be conducted. PEGS is a unique resource because of the depth of environmental phenotyping which includes extensive information from exposome surveys, as well as whole genome sequencing on a significant number of participants in the cohort. While it is small relative to genomic cohorts, none of these have the extensive environmental data that is present in PEGS. In addition, other cohorts with deep environmental data lack the depth of genomic data that is present in PEGS. Importantly, PEGS has already provided important analytic advances that are of great interest to and can be confirmed in larger cohorts such as All of Us. The Personalized Environment and Genes Study (PEGS) aims to provide a resource for environmental health translational research by examining gene-environment interactions in health and disease. PEGS is an extension of two previous efforts where it began as a pilot study, the Environmental Polymorphisms Study (EPS; IRB# 02E9004) and was approved subsequently as a full protocol titled the Environmental Polymorphisms Registry (EPR) (IRB #04-E-N0053 and transitioned to its current ID# 04-E-0053). The EPR was envisioned as a phenotype-by-genotype registry of participants who had donated DNA samples, and who had agreed to be contacted for follow-up clinical translational studies based on their DNA genotypes. At the time, the only information available was a participant s age, sex, race, and ethnicity. Further phenotyping of a participant and/or any biospecimens obtained were investigated during a follow-up translational clinical study on participants recruited based on their genotype (hence phenotype-by-genotype) and the PEGS was the first recruit-by- genotype study at the NIH. Following a period focused on recruiting approximately 15,000 participants to enable genotyping of rare (approximately 1% minor allele frequency) single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs), the PEGS Consortium Project was undertaken in 2010- 2011 to examine, using the DNA of nearly 4,000 participants, approximately 700 SNPs in approximately 80 environmental response genes that work in concert with environmental exposures to elicit a phenotype. Several clinical follow-up studies, genotype-phenotype association studies, and publications have resulted from the PEGS Consortium Project. To expand phenotype information available to researchers, the Health and Exposure Questionnaire was administered between 2013-2014. In 2017, a more detailed Exposome Questionnaire which includes questions relating to the external and internal exposome was administered. This was an important resource through which to integrate exposures with genotype-phenotype association studies. Whole genome sequencing has now been performed on approximately 4700 participants who were reconsented for this purpose, as indicated above. Questionnaire data was fully adjudicated and combined in a robust and searchable database. With the increased power of the data available, the project was renamed as the Personalized Environment and Genes Study (PEGS) and rolled out in Sept. 2021. ... Read Less

The investigators will conduct a randomized controlled trial that aims to compare the incidence of contrast-induced nephropathy between transradial- and transfemoral-access cardiac catheterization. Read Less

This study will conduct a two-arm randomized controlled trial to test the efficacy of a culturally tailored version of the NYU Caregiver Intervention (NYUCI) plus enhanced support (ES) through online chat groups (the NYUCI plus WeChat/Kakaotalk [population social media app for Chinese/Korean] peer support which we call the NYUCI-ES in reducing health risks for cardiometabolic disease among older Chinese and Korean American adults caring for relatives with ADRD. In collaboration with community organizations across the New York and northern New Jersey metropolitan area, we will enroll 300 caregivers of people with ADRD (150 Chinese and 150 Korean) in this study. Aim 1: Develop culturally adapted informational and educational materials about dementia and caregiving issues for social service providers of the intervention and for family caregivers. Aim 2: Test the hypothesis, H1: A counseling and support intervention (the NYUCI-ES) will significantly improve psychosocial factors such as depression, stress self-rated health and chronic disease management among Chinese and Korean-American ADRD caregivers and these changes will be mediated by improvement in social support. H1a: By the first (6- month) follow-up, the mediators (increases in social support, stress reaction) will improve significantly in the intervention group compared to baseline values and the control group. H1b: These improvements will be maintained, and lead to reduction in depressive symptoms, and improvement in self-reported health and chronic disease self-management by the 12-month follow-up compared to the control group. Aim 3: Test the hypothesis, H2: the NYUCI-ES will reduce biologic risk factors, including metabolic health (glycosylated hemoglobin) and inflammation (Oxidative stress, lipid metabolism, etc.) within 6 months of enrollment compared to baseline and a control group; these changes will be mediated through increases in social support and decreases in depressive symptoms and will be maintained at the 12-month follow-up. The public health significance of these findings will likely have an impact on health care policy for CGs from diverse underserved ethnic and cultural backgrounds, potentially reducing morbidity, and improving their quality of life. Read Less

Sickle Cell Disease is one of the most common genetic diseases in the United States, occurring in approximately 1 in 400 births. Approximately 100,000 individuals are diagnosed with SCD in the United States. Mortality for children with SCD has decreased substantially over the past 4 decades, with >99% of those born in high resource settings, including the United States, France, and England, now surviving to 18 years of age. However, the life expectancy of adults with SCD is severely shortened. Dysfunction of the heart, lung, and kidney is directly associated with decreased life expectancy. With the variety of curative therapies that are now available for SCD, long-term health outcomes studies are time-sensitive. As of now, efforts to determine long-term health outcomes following curative therapies for SCD have been limited. Though curative therapies initially should provide a cure for symptoms of SCD, there is the risk of late health outcomes to consider. Defining health outcomes following curative therapy is essential to improve personalized decision-making when considering curative versus disease-modifying therapeutic options. The primary goal of this study is to determine whether curative therapies for individuals with SCD will result in improved or worsening heart, lung, and kidney damage when compared to individuals with SCD receiving standard therapy. The investigators will also explore whether certain genes are associated with a good or bad outcome after curative therapy for SCD. Read Less

Women suffer disproportionately than men from Cardiac Syndrome X ( chest pain in the absence of flow limiting coronary artery stenosis). Coronary microvascular disease is hypothesized to mediate chest pain in this syndrome. This disorder of the small heart vessels (arterioles) compared to the large vessels (arteries) is not diagnosed during routine heart catheterization. This results in delays in diagnosis, missed opportunities for treatment, and likely contributes to the increased death rate from coronary heart disease in women compared to men. Current testing for small vessel disease is performed in the cardiac catheterization laboratory using specialized testing and is not performed routinely. Accordingly, women with this condition are either falsely reassured, or misdiagnosed as another non-cardiac condition. Unnecessary healthcare costs related to re-hospitalization and repeat angiography are incurred, while women are often not initiated on appropriate lifesaving treatment. We and others have demonstrated in randomized controlled trials that therapies that target the endothelium, e.g. statins, ACE inhibitors, and exercise are effective in this condition. Majority of women with Cardiac Syndorme X go undiagnosed. Recent studies have shown significant increased health care costs, morbidity and mortality related to this disease. It is becoming more important to further characterize this group of patients and we hope to do that with our study. Read Less

This study examines the role of the epidermal growth factor (EGF) receptor family and the EGF family of ligands in the regulation of non-myocytes isolated from the human heart. Read Less