Insulin Resistance Clinical Trials

The goal of this intervention study is to learn about how weight loss impacts molecular signaling of intermuscular adipose tissue (IMAT) in individuals with obesity. The main question it aims to answer is how inflammatory molecules secreted by IMAT promote muscle insulin resistance and inflammation, and how these same molecules are diminished after weight loss. Following screening visits involving body composition measures, blood testing, strength testing, and a thigh muscle biopsy, participants will go through a 12-week dietary intervention for weight loss. After 12 weeks, this will be followed by the same testing and biopsies that were completed before the intervention. Researchers will then compare outcomes of individuals who lost weight to individuals who did not lose weight. Read Less

Investigators propose to study youth across the spectrum of body mass index (BMI) and dysglycemia. This approach will allow investigators to disentangle the relationship of key features of type 2 diabetes (T2D) risk (e.g. obesity) with intermediary physiologic changes (e.g. insulin resistance, inflammation, β-cell dysfunction and dysglycemia) that pose a risk for the brain. Investigators will determine which of these factors are most associated with differences in brain structure and function among groups, over time, and how these effects differ from normal neurodevelopment. Read Less

Study Purpose: The combination of caloric restriction and exercise is the most common first-line treatment for obesity-related disorders, yet we know very little about how these two very different treatments work together. A deeper understanding about mechanisms underlying the health benefits of adding exercise to a weight loss program will not only aid efforts to optimize more effective lifestyle interventions, but it can also uncover novel targets for the treatment/prevention of obesity-related diseases. Although a reduction in body fat is the fundamental adaptation to weight loss, we know almost nothing about the effects that adding exercise has on structural and functional changes within fat tissue that may further enhance metabolic health. This is very important because many obesity-related metabolic health complications are tightly linked with abnormalities in abdominal fat tissue. We argue exercise-induced modifications in abdominal fat tissue will reveal persistent health benefits even if some weight is regained Study Summary: 10% Weight Loss Phase - Subject participation in the study will involve a series of metabolic tests before, at midpoint, and after undergoing a 10% weight loss program (with or without exercise training depending on group randomization). During this, subjects will be randomized into one of two different experimental groups: 1. Moderate Intensity Continuous Training (MICT) exercise group 2. No exercise (control) group Follow-up Phase: After completing the metabolic testing post-weight loss, all study-related diet and exercise supervision will end and subjects will be free to make their own choices regarding diet and exercise/physical activity behavior. Subjects will then be asked to complete follow-up testing at 2-, 4- and 6- months post-weight loss. Total involvement in the study for each subject will likely be about 10-13 months (4-7 months during weight loss phase, 6 months during follow-up phase). Read Less

The NOURISH-OK Study will identify how food insecurity contributes to insulin resistance, an important surrogate marker of many co-morbidities in HIV disease, using an integrated framework to identify key leverage points for insulin resistance. Drawing from these pathways, this study will adapt and evaluate a community-driven, science-informed "food as medicine" intervention designed to lower insulin resistance through healthy food access, food utilization skills, and other self-care behaviors. Knowledge gained from this study can benefit those living with HIV through the prevention and more effective management of pre-diabetes, diabetes, obesity, and non-alcoholic fatty liver disease. Read Less

The use of continuous glucose monitoring (CGM) in earlier data has inspired behavioral changes leading to improved adherence to an exercise plan in individuals and eating habits in people with diabetes. Mobile health (mHealth) platforms provide satisfactory, easy-to-use tools to help participants in the pursuit of weight change goals. We hypothesize that the use of CGM data and the Signos mHealth platform will assist with weight control in a population of people with type 2 diabetes mellitus who are not using insulin. Read Less

PCOS is the most common endocrine disorder of reproductive aged women. In addition to menstrual and endocrine abnormalities, PCOS is characterized by insulin resistance and glycemic dysregulation. The pattern of glycemic abnormalities among patients with PCOS may be different than the general population, as evidenced by invasive, time consuming, and costly procedures such as the euglycemic clamp or oral glucose tolerance test. Continuous glucose monitoring (CGM) offers an opportunity to evaluate glycemic status in real world conditions. Furthermore, use of a CGM has been found to improve glycemic status among those with prediabetes and diabetes, but little is known about utility among patients with PCOS. The investigators thus seek to 1) characterize glycemic status using CGM among patients with PCOS and 2) assess the impact of CGM use on metabolic and reproductive health in patients with PCOS. Read Less

The main purpose of this study is to determine if the Go Girls! program to take place at the Kluge Children's Rehabilitation Center Therapeutic Recreation Gymnasium, intended to introduce girls to a fun, non-threatening environment of exercise with peer support, improves scores on a physical activity enjoyment scale (PACES). Information regarding enjoyment of physical activity before and after the program will allow objective evaluation of whether the program is achieving its mission. Qualitative responses to the questionnaires will give program leaders a better sense of potential attitudes and barriers to regular exercise for teen girls. These responses will be used to shape activities during this or future programs for teens. Anthropometric (e.g. body weight, blood pressure, waist circumference) and biochemical (bloodwork) data will allow us to determine whether any change in metabolic risk factors can be seen from this 6-month once weekly intervention. Read Less

This study is investigating the effect of different intensities of exercise on levels of the hormone, ghrelin. In addition, we will be examining the relationship between any exercise induced changes in ghrelin and insulin sensitivity, obesity, and vascular function. Read Less