Pneumonia Clinical Trials

To determine if clinicians can safely reduce antibiotic exposure in children with medical complexity (CMC) who are diagnosed with pneumonia by implementing an intervention that bases total antibiotic duration on an individual's clinical stability. Read Less

Compare the effectiveness of automatic vs as-needed (PRN) post-hospitalization follow-up for children who are hospitalized for common infections. Read Less

Eliminating inappropriate antibiotic use in pediatric lower respiratory tract infections (LRTI) is the central focus of this research. LRTIs (pneumonia, bronchiolitis, and infection-related exacerbations of asthma) account for nearly one-third of all emergency department (ED) visits and 40% of all infection-related hospitalizations in US children. LRTIs also account for more antibiotic use in children's hospitals than any other condition, despite most LRTIs being viral in nature. Inappropriate antibiotics are associated with substantial adverse effects. Accordingly, national guidelines strongly discourage routine antibiotic use for bronchiolitis and acute asthma and argue for significantly reducing antibiotic exposure (initiation, spectrum, and duration) in pneumonia. To address the problem of inappropriate antibiotic use, hospital-based antimicrobial stewardship programs (ASPs) are now common nationwide, and these programs have demonstrated effectiveness in some hospital settings. Unfortunately, traditional ASP approaches do not translate well to the fast-paced and unpredictable ED environment, and hospital-based ASP resources are finite and not always immediately available. Clinical decision support (CDS) embedded within the electronic health record (EHR) is a strategy that could address the ED antibiotic stewardship gap. Informed by a deep understanding of the key facilitators and barriers to using CDS to support appropriate antibiotic use in ED and hospital settings, the investigators have developed two stewardship-focused CDS interventions for pediatric LRTI. The overarching goal of this research is to rigorously evaluate the implementation and effectiveness of these CDS tools, alone and in combination, against usual care only in a pragmatic randomized clinical trial at 3 U.S. children's hospitals. Read Less

The Next Day Clinic (NDC) is a quality improvement initiative that will be launched and operated by UCLA Health starting July 22, 2024. Its goals are to improve patient care and safety and to maximize cost effectiveness. The way it does this is by identifying patients in the ED who would normally be admitted for low-acuity conditions, and diverting them to a high-acuity clinic the following day called the NDC. This will help decompress the ED and the hospital, and allow for overall higher quality care. The Health System has partnered with UCLA's Healthcare Value Analytics and Solutions \[UVAS\] group which specializes in these types of program evaluations. The analysis conducted by the study team will be used to directly inform NDC operations, scaling, and future plans. Read Less

The goal of the observational APS phenotyping study is to better understand risk factors, potential biomarkers, length and severity of illness, and recovery for adults with ARDS, pneumonia, and/ or sepsis. This study will also generate a biobank of specimens collected from these patients that will be available to investigators for future studies of ARDS, sepsis, and/or pneumonia. Read Less

We plan to adapt an innovative, validated emergency department (ED) CDS tool based on consensus guidelines for pneumonia care (ePNa) to function in urgent care clinics (Instacares at Intermountain) and combine it seamlessly with Stanford's CheXED artificial intelligence model using an interoperable platform currently under development by Care Transformation Information Services at Intermountain. We will then deploy it to one of two groups of Instacares (randomly selected) using the CFIR framework for Implementation Science best practice. Read Less

Dynamic digital radiography (DDR) is a new advanced version of chest radiography that captures dynamic images at a rate of 15 frames per second. It is coupled with an analytical software that allows it to provide more advanced measures of lung motion, ventilation, and perfusion compared to traditional chest radiography. While implementation of DDR fixed machines are beginning elsewhere in the US, this trial involves the first applications of an FDA-approved portable DDR machine, for use at the bedside in the ICU. The goal of this clinical trial is to determine the feasibility and safety of portable DDR technology in the ICU, as well as to evaluate the improved clinical diagnostic value of the portable DDR system over current standards of care. Participants will receive one to three sets of DDR images, which will then be compared to their clinical gold standard exams (such as chest x-rays, CTs, or VQ scans) to assess and improve the precision and accuracy of measurements such as diaphragmatic motion, lung movement, and perfusion. Read Less

A Phase 2a, randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled, multiple ascending dose study in patients who are hospitalized with presumed pneumonia requiring supplemental oxygen therapy. The purpose of this study is to examine the safety, tolerability and efficacy of AV-001 Injection administration daily to the earlier of day 28 or EOT (day prior to hospital discharge). A total of 120 eligible patients (20 patients in each of cohort 1, 2 and 3 and 60 patients in cohort 4) will be recruited from up to 25 participating institutions/hospitals. Patients will be randomized in a 1:1 ratio to receive either AV-001 Injection or AV-001 placebo Injection, together with standard of care (SOC). Read Less