What is Bullying?
Bullying is aggressive behavior that most commonly takes place between school-aged children. It may be physical or psychological, but all bullying is unwanted. It always includes perceived power imbalances: Students bullied are often made to feel unpopular or “outcast.”
Bullying can persist into adulthood, especially in the workplace. It is most prevalent in environments with strict hierarchy of authority.

Contributions and viewpoints of the victims are minimized to exercise control over them.
Adult bullying can contribute to a toxic work environment and may feed into criminal behaviors like assault. Becoming the victim of a bully can damage a person’s career, especially if the bully is a supervisor.
“Cyberbullying” refers to a similar pattern of intimidating behavior brought online. It happens most frequently among young people on social media platforms and mobile apps. However, organized online harassment and “trolling” can be considered forms of bullying.
What Conditions is Bullying Associated With?
Bullying can have serious psychological consequences. This is true whether or not individual episodes are intense or violent. It can also affect any person. Some groups, like LGBT and racial minorities, are more frequently targeted at any age.
Bullied children are more likely to suffer chronic mood disorders like anxiety and depression. Severe bullying can result in conditions including PTSD or development of fears and phobias, like social anxiety or agoraphobia.
Stress, loss of confidence, and sleep disturbances are common results for bullied adults. Since cyberbullying can leave a person of any age afraid of its future consequences, it also has a major negative effect on quality of life.
What Research Currently Exists Around Bullying?
Clinical research on bullying focuses on reducing its impact. Bullying research can be thought of as part of research on trauma. For example, prolonged trauma can result in brain changes that make it harder to regulate emotions or organize long-term effort.
Therapies for bullying victims range from medications to counseling.
In clinical studies on bullying, new medications are being pioneered. These may help victims adapt to stressful situations and enhance the effect of counseling. Counseling is aimed at giving victims a greater sense of personal agency and emotional resilience.
In some cases, as when a workplace has been heavily compromised by bullying, it may be necessary for an adult victim to leave that environment as part of safeguarding mental health. Online habits can also be adjusted to improve well-being.
Why Are Further Bullying Clinical Trials Important?
As bullying has become more widespread, the idea it is a “normal part of childhood” is being challenged by medical research. Rather than telling victims they must ignore it or “toughen up,” it is crucial to manage the measurable health effects of bullying.
At the same time, clinical practitioners are recognizing the prevalence and seriousness of adult bullying. This is a relatively new research area with many questions to answer. New studies must be conducted that focus on the problems of adult bullying.
Current Bullying Clinical Trials
In a recent study, about 49% of students in grades 4-12 reported being bullied. Perhaps surprisingly, 31% of adults surveyed said they had been bullied. 43% said the behavior had become more accepted over the last year.
This has serious health implications. More clinical resources for bullying are essential to mental health as people of all ages face greater pressures and a digital environment that extends bullying into the home.
- Evaluating the Feasibility of a School-based Stepped Care Program for Internalizing Symptoms in Adolescents in Pakistanon March 30, 2025 at 4:00 am
Conditions: Depression, Anxiety; Distress, Emotional; Psychosocial Problem; Functioning, Psychosocial Interventions: Behavioral: Enhanced School Mental Health Program (eSMHP) Sponsors: Global Institute of Human Development; National Institute of Mental Health (NIMH) Recruiting
- Youth Promotion of Resilience Involving Mental E-healthon March 25, 2025 at 4:00 am
Conditions: Mental Well-being; Resilience; Population Study Interventions: Behavioral: Intervention app Sponsors: University of British Columbia; St. Francis Xavier University; Institute of Population, Health and Development, Vietnam; Simon Fraser University; University of Melbourne Recruiting
- Coaching Teachers in Bullying Detection and Interventionon March 18, 2025 at 4:00 am
Conditions: Intervention; Control Interventions: Behavioral: Bullying Classroom Check-Up (BCCU) Sponsors: Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health; Children's Hospital of Philadelphia; University of Virginia; Sheppard Pratt Health System Recruiting
- Regulating Emotions Like An eXpert Among Adolescents With ADHDon January 31, 2025 at 5:00 am
Conditions: RELAX Telehealth Intervention; Psychoeducational Waitlist Control; EMI Smartphone App Pilot Interventions: Behavioral: RELAX; Behavioral: Psychoeducational Materials Sponsors: Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University Recruiting
- Co-design and Implementation of an eHealth Platform for Promoting Healthy Habits Among Adolescents From Socially Disadvantaged Settingson January 28, 2025 at 5:00 am
Conditions: Level of Physical Activity; Intensity of Physical Activity; Dietary Habits Interventions: Behavioral: Physical activity and nutritional behavioural intervention Sponsors: Fundacio d'Investigacio en Atencio Primaria Jordi Gol i Gurina; Universitat Autonoma de Barcelona; Parc Sanitari Sant Joan de Déu; Institut Català de la Salut; Universitat Oberta de Catalunya; Consorcio Centro Investigación Biomédica en RED (CIBER)-SAM Recruiting
- Transdiagnostic, Indicated Preventive Intervention for Adolescents At High Risk of Emotional Problems W/Add-On Moduleson December 11, 2024 at 5:00 am
Conditions: Anxiety Disorders and Symptoms; Depressive Symptoms Interventions: Behavioral: Active control condition; Behavioral: PROCARE-I+ 8-session Sponsors: University of Jaén; Universidad Miguel Hernandez de Elche; University Rovira i Virgili; University of Miami Recruiting
- STRW-T Intervention for Autistic Adolescents in 11th and 12th Gradeon November 26, 2024 at 5:00 am
Conditions: Autism Spectrum Disorder Interventions: Behavioral: STRW-T; Behavioral: PEERS-T Sponsors: Children's Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati; Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development (NICHD); University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill Recruiting
- Efficacy of a Multi-level School Intervention for LGBTQ Youthon October 26, 2024 at 4:00 am
Conditions: Depression; Anxiety; Post Traumatic Stress Disorder; Coping Behavior; Sexual Minority Stress; Suicidality; Substance Use; Bullying; Harassment Interventions: Behavioral: Proud & Empowered Sponsors: Washington University School of Medicine; National Institute on Minority Health and Health Disparities (NIMHD); University of Southern California Recruiting
- A Trial of Neurofeedback As an Adjunctive Treatment for Youth in Outpatient Mental Health Settingson September 27, 2024 at 4:00 am
Conditions: Trauma Interventions: Behavioral: Neurofeedback Intervention; Behavioral: standard of care Sponsors: University of Rochester Recruiting
- Effectiveness of Motivated Social Motional Learning (MSEL) Program on Bullying Among Hong Kong Primary School Studentson September 27, 2024 at 4:00 am
Conditions: Bullying of Child Interventions: Behavioral: Motivated Social Emotional Learning; Behavioral: Curriculum-based Social Emotional Learning Sponsors: The University of Hong Kong; The Hong Kong Jockey Club Charities Trust Recruiting
- Child Development and Genetic Biomarkers(II): Gene Verification and Data Integrationon August 29, 2024 at 4:00 am
Conditions: Developmental Disabilities Sponsors: Chang Gung Memorial Hospital Recruiting
- Support Groups - a Model for Social Inclusion and Reduction of Bullying in Schoolon August 29, 2024 at 4:00 am
Conditions: Bullying Interventions: Behavioral: Peer support groups with a solution-focused approach Sponsors: Oslo Metropolitan University Recruiting
Conclusion
The majority of American adults experience sleep disturbances at some point in life. With that in mind, clinical trials on sleep truly affect everyone. Unfortunately, sleep disorders are under-diagnosed – and those who suffer often do not pursue treatment. Participating in clinical studies on sleep is one way to help ensure you, and others, will rest better.
Sources
- https://www.stopbullying.gov/what-is-bullying/index.html
- https://www.stopbullying.gov/media/facts/index.html
- https://www.mind.org.uk/information-support/types-of-mental-health-problems/post-traumatic-stress-disorder-ptsd/complex-ptsd/
- https://www.pacer.org/bullying/resources/questions-answered/how-is-bullying-defined.asp
- https://www.psycom.net/effects-of-bullying
- https://www.verywellfamily.com/bullying-impact-415733
- http://www.bullyingstatistics.org/content/adult-bullying.html
- http://www.bullyingstatistics.org/content/workplace-bullying.html
- https://doctorsthatdo.osteopathic.org/adult-bullying-survey-finds-31-americans-bullied-adult