Massachusetts Paid Clinical Trials

Abdominal wall transplantation surgery is the transfer of abdominal wall tissues from a deceased human donor to a patient with a large abdominal wall defect. Abdominal wall transplantation is an innovative reconstructive procedure that has the potential to significantly improve the lives of patients with large abdominal wall defects. The purpose of this study is to develop the best practices for abdominal wall transplantation that will improve the outcomes of future abdominal wall transplant recipients. Read Less

The study is one part of a "bundle" of experiments that constitute Project Three of a National Eye Institute grant. Project Three includes a series of experiments that investigate how changing the input from a simulated AI can affect the decisions made by human observers in a two-alternative forced choice task (like the decision to recall a woman for further examination in mammography). HAICT 7, the experiment described here, investigates how changing prevalence affects human performance when AI is used as a Second Reader. Read Less

Cardiovascular disease is the leading cause of mortality after renal transplantation, accounting for more than 30% of deaths. Elevated lipid levels (hyperlipidemia) are a frequent finding following transplantation and the immunosuppressive medications play a central role in the development or worsening of hyperlipidemia. In the general population, the correlation between elevated serum cholesterol and increased risk of cardiovascular disease is well established and the reduction in serum LDL cholesterol has proved to significantly reduce both morbidity and mortality. Statin based drugs are the standard of care in the management of hyperlipidemia. Commonly used statin-based drugs include atorvastatin (Lipitor), fluvastatin (Lescol, Lescol XL), lovastatin (Mevacor, Altoprev), pravastatin (Pravachol), rosuvastatin (Crestor), simvastatin (Zocor), and pitavastatin (Livalo). These drugs have been proven to lower lipid levels as well as cardiovascular risk. However, statin-based drugs also cause a variety of side effects. While the most commonly encountered side effects are toxicity to the liver and muscles, a few others have also been known to cause increased excretion of protein in the urine and kidney failure. These side effects are also more common in a renal transplant recipient due to the simultaneous administration of drugs that prevent rejection. Therefore, there is an emergent need for newer drugs which are both efficient and safe especially in this population PCSK-9 inhibitors (Proprotein Convertase Subtilisin Kinase-9 inhibitors) are a new class of drugs that are highly efficient in lowering lipid levels in the general population. However, an exclusive trial involving kidney transplant recipients is yet to be done. Through this study, we would like to evaluate the safety and tolerability of Evolocumab (trade name: Repatha) which is a PCSK-9 inhibitor developed by Amgen, Inc in renal transplant recipients. The study would involve a total of 120 patients across 3 different hospitals in Boston, Massachusetts. Read Less

The purpose of this study is to examine the effect of a moderately low blood sugar stress on the nervous system. The investigators hope that information obtained from completing this study will help to reveal information about how a non-psychological stress impacts the parts of the brain that react to stress and the autonomic nervous system. The autonomic nervous system is the part of the nervous system that provides the body with involuntary or automatic control of heart rate, blood pressure, and breathing. Read Less

One method of breast cancer screening involves radiologists reading digital tomosynthesis (DBT) images. DBT consists of a 3D stack of x-ray "slices" through the breast. The exam is accompanied by a 2D image like a standard mammogram, a single x-ray of the breast. In a screening setting, most cases are normal. Sometimes it is obvious that a case is normal from a quick look at the 2D image. It would speed up the process of screening if readers could dismiss a clearly normal case on the basis of the 2D image, alone, without looking at the DBT images. Obviously, the investigators would only want to "triage" cases in this way if the investigators were almost perfectly sure that no cancers would be missed. In this study, the investigators look at radiologist's willingness to triage cases and on the accuracy of their answers. In addition, the investigators ask about the impact of an Artificial Intelligence (AI) opinion. Would it be possible to triage an image on the basis of the AI opinion, alone? Radiologists will look at each case for up to five seconds and offer an opinion (on a 1-10 scale) about how sure they are that a case is normal. Next, they will see the opinion of the AI. Finally, they will say (using a 1-10) scale, how willing they would be for the AI to triage this case without human intervention. This study is the start of an effort to understand the conditions under which radiologists might be willing to declare a case "normal" with little or no human examination. Read Less

Background \& Significance. Children with congenital heart disease (CHD) have experienced improved postoperative survival shifting the focus away from minimizing mortality to curtailing morbidities. Critical illness following cardiac surgery induces catabolism which may impact functional status. Catabolism, a state in which protein breakdown exceeds protein synthesis, can lead to lean body mass (LBM) breakdown. LBM loss has been associated with poor clinical outcomes. Muscle ultrasound (mUS) has been utilized to measure LBM changes and the functional status score (FSS) was developed to assess functional status changes in children following hospitalization. The ability to identify LBM loss acutely and its association with FSS changes may lead to earlier interventions to preserve LBM and aid in outcome prediction. Specific Aims \& Hypotheses. Specific Aim 1 is to identify the percent change in LBM by mUS during the first postoperative week in children following complex cardiac surgery. Specific Aim 2 is to evaluate the relationship between percent change in LBM during the first postoperative week and the FSS at discharge and 6 and 12-month follow-up in children with CHD following complex cardiac surgery. The investigators hypothesize children with CHD following complex cardiac surgery will experience a decline in LBM and that there is a direct relationship between the change in LBM and postoperative FSS follow-up. Study Design \& Methods. The investigators are conducting a single-center, prospective, observational cohort study. Consecutive children (\> 3 months and \< 18 years of age) with CHD undergoing biventricular conversion will be enrolled. Patients will undergo a baseline mUS and FSS at the time of the index operation. Interval mUS will be obtained on the third and seventh postoperative day. Discharge mUS and FSS will be obtained and a remote FSS will be requested by the family at 6 and 12-months postoperatively. Demographics, pertinent laboratory, concomitant medications, nutrition and ultrasound variables will be collected. Outcomes. The primary outcomes will be change in LBM during the first postoperative week and change in FSS at 6 and 12-month follow-up in children following complex cardiac surgery. Change in LBM will be defined as a percent change in cross-sectional area of the quadriceps muscle layer thickness (QMLT). Change in FSS will be significant if the score drops 3 points or more from baseline at postoperative follow-up. Read Less

Obstructive sleep apnea (OSA) is common and has major health implications but treatment options are limited. In previous research atomoxetine and oxybutynin showed promising effect at reducing OSA severity, however they reduced arousal threshold, one of the key traits responsible for OSA. Since oxybutynin was used mainly as a hypnotic, but it is burdened by several anti-cholinergic side effects, DAW2020, a hypnotic which prolonged the total sleep time in a previous trial in OSA patients, could be a better candidate to associate with atomoxetine. Read Less

This study involves the functional testing of a new lower extremity prosthesis by healthy, active participants with fully healed transtibial (below knee) amputations. The study design calls for an experimental group of eleven participants who received two agonist-antagonist myoneural interfaces (AMIs) that were surgically constructed during a modified transtibial amputation procedure, and a control group of eleven matched participants who received standard transtibial amputations. The study protocol involves one or more of the following activities: 1. Collection of electromyography (EMG) data from participants' lower limbs to characterize muscle activation and create maps specific to individual participants, 2. Investigation of participants' capabilities to use a new lower extremity prosthesis that is designed to allow independent actuation of the ankle and subtalar joints, and offers EMG-modulated control over prosthetic joint position and stiffness, and 3. Exploration of AMIs as a means of communicating information between the participant and the new prosthesis using an experimental system involving EMG, functional electrical stimulation, and ultrasound. The hypothesis is that transtibial amputations involving AMIs can offer improved motor control of the new prosthesis while also enabling proprioceptive sensation (perception of the position, movement, and torque of the affected limb and prosthetic joint). The AMIs are expected to improve voluntary prosthetic control, improve prosthetic terrain adaptations, and offer new possibilities for bi-directional communication across the human-device interface. Read Less

This study is a randomized trial comparing 2 methods of human milk fortification for preterm infants in the neonatal intensive care unit (NICU). All participating infants will receive a human milk diet comprising maternal and/or donor milk plus multi-component and modular fortifiers. In one group (control), the milk will be fortified according to routine standard of care. In the other group (intervention), the fortification will be individually targeted based on the results of point-of-care human milk analysis. Outcomes include physical growth in the NICU and after discharge, brain structure by magnetic resonance imaging at term equivalent age, and neurodevelopment at 2 years. Read Less

This research is being done to study the safety and feasibility of implanting and retrieving a microdevice that releases microdoses of 19 specific drugs or drug combinations as a possible tool to evaluate the effectiveness of several cancer drugs against metastatic renal cell carcinoma (RCC). The name of the intervention(s) involved in this study are: * Implantable Microdevice (IMD) * Surgery (excision of tumor) * Drugs used in this study will only include drugs already used as standard of care for the treatment of metastatic renal cell carcinoma (RCC) Read Less

Physical activity is important to maintain health, fitness, and function in people with spinal cord injury (SCI) and social support is one of the most effective ways to increase physical activity participation. However, a large proportion of people with SCI are physically inactive and do not engage in recreational activities due to environmental and physical challenges. Many people with SCI also experience challenges with social connection, which may make engaging in physical activities more difficult. The investigators are offering a new online application designed specifically for people with SCI. The purpose of the research is to develop and evaluate a new online app, called SCI-Lynx, that would allow people with SCI to connect with other people and support each other in their physical activity, exercise, or other health or personal goals over a one-month period. This research will also evaluate how SCI-Lynx affects self-efficacy and social support for exercise and provide new information on changing physical activity participation and social connection in people with SCI. Read Less

An observational study of electronic patient data to compare diabetes medications and to determine which ones offer the best balance of risks and benefits. Read Less